![]() The hemoglobin A1C level reflects how well blood sugar control has been achieved over the past several months. Keeping blood glucose levels down to as normal as possible reduces the degree and rate of progression of diabetic retinopathy and other diabetic complications in the body. ![]() The severity of diabetic retinopathy is also related to blood glucose (sugar) control. ![]() After 25 years, nearly all people with diabetes mellitus will show some signs of diabetic retinopathy. The longer someone has diabetes mellitus, the more likely they will develop diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic Macular Edema Causes and Associations This can lead to loss of central and possibly peripheral vision. Breakdown of retinal blood vessels may result in fluid leaking into the center of the retina (macular edema) or abnormal blood vessels that grow (neovascularization) on the surface of the retina or iris, which can bleed and scar. Diabetes affects the eyes by causing deterioration of blood vessels in the retina. This high sugar content damages blood vessels in the body over time and can affect a variety of body organs such as the eyes, heart, and kidneys. Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which the blood sugar level is elevated because the body is unable to use and store sugar. Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes mellitus.
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